Anti Neoplastic agents are used to treat Cancer , Malignancy or Neoplasm . Cancer is a condition where a group of cells shows uncontrolled growth or abnormal cell division takes place . The newly produced cellas are ineffective and useless to the body, leading to a disease called Cancer . This happens due to genetic changes within the cell .
Anti Neoplastic agents are classified in following way :
1- Alkylating Agents : e.g Cyclophasphamide , Mechlorethamine , Chlorambucil , Ifosfamide .
2- Antimetabolites or Antibiotics : e.g. Purine analogues ( Azathioprine , Mercaptopurine , Thioguanine , Fludarabine , Pentostatin , Cladribine ) , Pyrimidine analogues ( 5-Fluorouracil , Floxuridine , Cytosine arabinoside ) and Antifolates ( Methotrexate , Trimethoprim ) . This group of Anti Neoplastic agents is very big and widely used .
3-Alkaloides and Terpenoides : These are plant extractions and e.g. Vincristine , Vinblastine , Venorelbine , Videsine , Podophyllotoxin , Docetaxel , Paclitaxel .
4- Topoisomerase Inhibitors : These agents also plant exractions but semisynthetic by nature . e.g. Camptothecins such as Irinotecan , Topotecan , Amsacrine , Etoposide , Teniposide . These group of Anti Neoplastic agents are changed at molecular level that is why called Semisynthetic derivatives .
5- Cytotoxic antibiotics : Actinomycin , Bleomycin ,Plicamycin , Mitoycin . Anthracycline Antibiotics such as Doxorubicin , Daunorubicin , Valrubicin , Idarubicin , Epirubicin , Mitoxatrone also included in Cancer treatment but these agents never used to treat infections .
All Anti Neoplastic agents are cytotoxic and have to be used with only Oncologist i.e. Cancer specialist's advice .
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